Short answer

The reliable way is the URL Inspection tool in Google Search Console, which says whether a specific page is indexed and, if not, why. A site:yourdomain.com search gives a rough picture, but Google says it “doesn't necessarily return all the URLs that are indexed.”

The quick check: a site: search

Type site:yourdomain.com into Google. You will see pages Google has indexed from your site. It is a fair first look, with two limits Google spells out: the operator “doesn't necessarily return all the URLs that are indexed”, and “bigger sites shouldn't expect to see all their URLs in the results” ( Google). So a page missing from the list isn't proof it is missing from Google.

The reliable check: Search Console

  1. Add your site to Google Search Console and verify that you own it. It is free.
  2. Paste a page address into the URL Inspection bar at the top.
  3. Read the result. It tells you whether the page is on Google, and if it isn't, the reason: blocked, marked noindex, a duplicate of another page, or not crawled yet.

For the whole site, the Page indexing report lists which pages are indexed and groups the rest by reason.

If a page isn't indexed

Fix the reason first, then use Request indexing in URL Inspection. Google adds that “there's a quota for submitting individual URLs and requesting a recrawl multiple times for the same URL won't get it crawled any faster” ( Google Search Central), so ask once and give it time.

Being indexed is necessary for Google's AI Overviews too: Google says a page must be “indexed and eligible to be shown in Google Search with a snippet” to be linked from one.

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